Ottoman Empire and Eygpt Chart Ottoman Retreat and Birth of Turkey MI: At the time, Western Europe was expanding and conquering around the world for trade and money, however in the Ottoman Empire, the empire was suffering from poor leadership, and little to no advancments in ideas. Western Intrusions and Crisis: Egypt MI: With the Ottoman Empire dropping in leadship and military power, the Ottomans began to lose all land where at one point only had the land in North Africa left.
The Qing Empire MI: Manchu nomads have been planning and building against China to take over the Ming dynasty.
Nurhaci(1559-1629) a local leader united the Manchu tribes where to combined each tribe to create fighting unites within called banner armies
Nurhaci's forces continue to attack China or people around the Great Wall
Manchu bureaucracy organized around Chinese ideals were the use of ceremonies and scholar officials were found; decrease of barbarian state
weakness in destroying China by the Manchu is the size of the nation
Qing- the name the Manchu regime took up due to that this was the only Chinese dynasty with a large area of land
religion was not promoted by the Manchu
Kangxi - Confucian scholar who love the Chinese arts employed thousands of scholars to create the great encyclopedias of Chinese learning
Economy and Society in the Early Centuries of Qing Rule MI: Social status within China did not change because of Manchu conquest; women continue to have no rights where men were dominant.
education was highly promoted in the writings of Zhu and Xi; education was emphasize in the upper class
women remained confined to the male; male control => choosing brides from slightly lower classes
women control to live under men control and all females could hope was for a good husband instead of being a concubine; longer the relationship, higher chance to rule land in the long run
when the Manchu took over China taxes drop so amount of crops grown increase
this began an increase of workers => large gap b/w land owners and workers
compradors - group of wealthy merchants who specialized in import-export trade along the coast of China => China came out of isolation
Rot from Within: Bureaucratic Breakdown and Social Disintegration MI: Foundation on the Chinese Bureaucracy is based of off taking the exam system.
in the system people have been caught cheating and of favoritism; scholars would buy poorly educated people into the system
in 1711 students students who failed the exams protest against the wealthy
Confucian education is heavily based on responsibilities of educated ruling class but people soon believe that the positions in the bureaucracy was to just get rich
decrease of funds for military and public works
natural disaster on the Huang He caused famine, food shortages, migrations, diseases
corrupted leadership in China
Barbarians at the Southern Gates: The Opium War and After MI:The inequality of trade between the Chinese and Britain cause the influx trading of Opium into China.
the Manchu believe that they and the British were at equal status but saw that the trading was "unequal"
British would get silk, tea, fine porcelains but the Chinese saw that their imports wasn't so great; resulted British to trade high amounts of silver
Opium War- 40,000 chests of Opium was imported into China; Period of time where opium became a product trade that cause many Chinese addicted
However the usage of Opium was causing the Chinese to be addicted and gov't falling
early 18th century Qing Emperors issues law to forbid opium traffic but nothing really worked
Lin Zexu: emperor in the 1830s that drive to change without usually corrupt ideas; opium trading in Canton was blockade, with opium confiscated and destroyed
After the Opium War, the British were conquering and trying to control China's means of trade
Wawr broke out in 1839 because of the anti-opium campaign where Britain gain control of Hong Kong
Ports were being made around the coast of Southern Asia => promote trade; China had little to no choice in whatever the Europeans choose for them
A civilization at Risk: Rebellion and Failed Reforms MI: The Qing dynasty was slowing falling due to failed reforms from Taipings and misuse of power from emperors and empresses.
Taiping Rebellion: ruled by semi-Christianized prophet Hong Xiuquan
1850s - increase of supporters against the idea of growing commercial "encroachments of the West" ; won a series of victories against Qing forces
rebellion was going out of control where people were being imprison and the idea of a Utopian society was not working
Taipings offered programs for social reforms, land redistribution, and rights for women; attacked on the Confucian elite by destroy tablets and shrines; also created a simplified writing system
self-strengthening movement: provincials leaders who aimed to countering the challenge from the West where they participated in Western investments in public works and armies
Death of Hong destroyed the TaiPings; where people afterward killed themselves in mass fires
Empress CiXi use her throne to destroy the reforms; nephew was imprison in the Forbidden city where his lead reforms but was executed or driven from China
Empress CiXi went against the West and used money for embellishing the palaces instead of for public works
Boxer Rebellion: rebellion broke out in 1898 because of the of the spheres of influences; goes against the imperialistic powers and Christianity. However the rebellion only ended BECAUSE OF imperialistic powers.
The Fall of Qing: The End of a Civilization? MI: Towards the fall of the Qing Dynasty much of the arts and culture collapsed along with it.
the defeat of the Taipings came to be that the Qing Dynasty filled with secret underground organizations
secret training ground became to be that new type of resistances towards the Manchus
scholar gentry class young men educated in European-style educations who together formed groups to get rid of the Manchus
Sun Yat-sen: Chinese revolutionist who took power to create social programs for relieve the misery of the lower class
Chinese revolutionist heavily depends on the West for ideas and organizational models
rebellion took in the form of cutting off the braided ponytails and condemned the Manchus for failing to control the foreigners
Pu Yi - Last emperor of China who began his reign when he was 12; created a republican government in China
revolution of 1911 changed the dynasty where learning exams were stopped and however the culture of the Confucian system and massive civil bureaucracy where also punished and destroyed ( stopped using)
Ottoman Empire and Eygpt Chart
Ottoman Retreat and Birth of Turkey
MI: At the time, Western Europe was expanding and conquering around the world for trade and money, however in the Ottoman Empire, the empire was suffering from poor leadership, and little to no advancments in ideas.
Western Intrusions and Crisis: Egypt
MI: With the Ottoman Empire dropping in leadship and military power, the Ottomans began to lose all land where at one point only had the land in North Africa left.
The Qing Empire
MI: Manchu nomads have been planning and building against China to take over the Ming dynasty.
Economy and Society in the Early Centuries of Qing Rule
MI: Social status within China did not change because of Manchu conquest; women continue to have no rights where men were dominant.
Rot from Within: Bureaucratic Breakdown and Social Disintegration
MI: Foundation on the Chinese Bureaucracy is based of off taking the exam system.
Barbarians at the Southern Gates: The Opium War and After
MI:The inequality of trade between the Chinese and Britain cause the influx trading of Opium into China.
A civilization at Risk: Rebellion and Failed Reforms
MI: The Qing dynasty was slowing falling due to failed reforms from Taipings and misuse of power from emperors and empresses.
The Fall of Qing: The End of a Civilization?
MI: Towards the fall of the Qing Dynasty much of the arts and culture collapsed along with it.